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<a href="http://www.counterpunch.org/ross03292006.html" eudora="autourl">
http://www.counterpunch.org/ross03292006.html<br><br>
</a></font><font face="Times New Roman, Times" size=4><b>March 29,
2006<br><br>
</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times" size=5 color="#990000"><i>An
Indian Peoples Have Even Fewer Rights Than the Rest of Us ...<br><br>
</i></font><font face="Times New Roman, Times" size=5>When Even Water is
Not a Human Right<br><br>
</b>By JOHN ROSS<br>
</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times" size=4><i>Mexico
City.<br><br>
</i></font><font face="Verdana" size=5 color="#990000">"O</font>
<font face="Verdana" size=2>nce upon a time, there was a little orphan
girl ('huerfana') who had to walk over many mountains each day to fetch
water ('itzu') because the water was very far away" Esperanza
Garcia, a Purepecha Indian grandmother in the tiny Michoacan mountain
town of Santa Cruz Tanaco tells the story that her mother told her.
"One day, the huerfana made friends with a humming bird
("Tzintzun") and he led her to a secret spring right here in
the forest. The women were so happy because now they didn't have to walk
two mountains to fetch the water that they married the huerfana to the
spring and when they plunged her in the water, a long serpent leaped up
and that was the stream that brought the water to our town."
Esperanza frowned at the dry littered streambed that runs by her house.
"Now the stream is dead because they have cut down all the trees and
again we have to walk for hours to bring water." Clear cuts in the
Purepecha mountains have devastated forests and water sources.<br><br>
Women in the third world walk an average of six kilometers each day to
fetch water, according to U.S. environmental researcher Talli Newman. But
Indian women are not just fetchers of water but its protectors.
"Like the corn, we are born from the water" explains Maria de
la Cruz, a Tzotzil Mayan mother and community leader from San Felipe
Ecatepec just outside San Cristobal de las Casas in the highlands of
Chiapas--the Mayans are the People of the Corn according to their sacred
book, the Popul Vu. <br><br>
De la Cruz lives a hundred meters from a Coca Cola bottler that extracts
1.7 million liters of water each year from the local aquifer, leaving 70%
of the households in Ecatepec without running water. The bottler's yearly
extractions are equivalent to what five indigenous villages in the
highlands are allotted each year. "Yes, we are made from the water
but I can't even bathe" De la Cruz laughs bitterly. Chiapas is home
to Mexico's largest rivers yet 68% of its 1.3 million Indian people do
not have potable water.<br><br>
A quarter of all Mexico's water has its source on Indian lands yet many
indigenous communities have no access to the precious fluid. The
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Mazahua women of Villa de Allende out in Mexico state are so exercised by
these inequities that they have even formed an army--the Zapatista Army
of Mazahua Women In Defense of The Water (unrelated to the Zapatista Army
of National Liberation.)<br><br>
Mazahua land lines the banks of the Cutzamala river system, the main
outside water source for Mexico City 100 miles east. 16,000 cubic liters
a second rush by their lands and yet eight of their villages have no
water lines, a demand for which the Mazahuas have sought redress since
the 1980s when the Cutzamala system was inaugurated. Repeatedly rebuffed
by water authorities, the Mazahuas have threatened to shut off the valves
that speed water uphill to the Mexican capital. In response, the National
Water Commission (CONAGUA) sent 500 state police to occupy their
villages.<br><br>
"They take our men by the hair," Comandanta Victoria Martinez
of the Mazahua Army tells reporters, " but now they will have to
confront the women."<br><br>
This month (March), the Zapatista Army of Mazahua Women In Defense of The
Water marched up to Mexico City to present their case to the World Water
Forum convoked for that bone-dry megalopolis March 16th-22nd. <br><br>
Mexico City was a pertinent place to hold the fourth World Water Forum
(WWF), an every-three-years conclave organized by the World Water
Council, the "non-government" creation of industrialists, big
agriculture, and water profiteers who preach privatization and
mercantilization of water.<br><br>
Once set in the heart of a five lake system, the Aztec island of
Tenochtitlan was a water wonderland, overflowing with canals, fountains,
aqueducts, and floating farms ("chinampas.") But the European
conquerors were horse people with little respect for a water-based
culture so they cut down the trees on the surrounding hillsides and
silted in the lakes.<br><br>
Today, Tenochtitlan/Mexico City has dried up. What little remains in its
aquifers is being pumped out at twice the rate that it can be replenished
and the metropolitan area's 21.3 million residents receive just 184
liters per capita each year, one twenty fourth of the national average.
Service is so poor in the ragged colonies at the edge of the city that
cockroaches run out when the faucet is turned on. In other impoverished
"colonias", the only available water source is cistern trucks
("pipas") sent by the political parties and the people are
forced to sell their vote for a gulp of clean "agua."<br><br>
Water is a class issue in Mexico as well as one of gender and race. While
the luxuriant green golf course of the elites receive abundant daily
waterings, the poor have a hard time just slaking their thirst.<br><br>
Indeed, the sprinklers were on at the Banamex convention center in the
ritzy Polanco district this March 16th when the WWF opened its doors to
the public--Banamex, Mexico's oldest bank, is now wholly owned by
Citigroup. Just to make the corporate tone perfectly patent, among the
sponsors of this edition of the WWF was the Coca Cola Corporation of
Atlanta, Georgia, which, according to the NGO War On Want, sucks up 282
billion liters of the world's public water each year. <br><br>
Mexican president Vicente Fox, once the president of Coca Cola operations
here and in Central America, opened the session by paying lip service to
the Indian roots of water by quoting from the Popul Vuh and the poetry of
Aztec king Nezahualcoytl. Fox was followed to the podium by CONAGUA
director Cristobal Jaimes--before Fox appointed him to the CONAGUA job,
Jaimes, the owner of Mexico's largest dairies and a major water bottler,
was the nation's number one industrial consumer of water. <br><br>
Moving the threads behind the scenes at the fourth World Water Forum was
Aquafed, the lobbying front for world water privatizers, representing
such conglomerates as the French Suez, Aguas de Barcelona, Biwater, and
Thames River. Another powerful lobbyist running the show at the WWF was
the Washington-based "public relations" hucksters Bursen &
Marsteller, publicists for such bloody dictators as Haiti's Baby Doc,
Guatemala's Rios Montt, and the killer Argentinean juntas. Bursen &
Marsteller organized the accompanying exposition where space was
available to water conservation groups for $600 a day. The Great Unwashed
were invited to shell out $120 for each day's admission. <br><br>
The Zapatista Army of Mazahua Women In Defense of the Water did not
bother to pay an admission. Availing themselves of sympathetic souls in
the NGO community, they stormed past the ticket takers and went looking
for CONAGUA's Jaimes ("I cannot solve your problem" he had told
them once before.) Repelled by security guards, the comandantas formed a
picket line and began to shout "Queremos Agua!" ("We Want
Water".) With their wooden rifles, sheathed machetes, long skirts,
farmers' sombreros, and a look so stern that it could stop traffic, the
women terrified the organizers. "This is what happens when we let
them get away from their 'metates' (Indian corn grinders)" CONAGUA
sub secretary Cesar Herrera sneered in earshot of a La Jornada
reporter.<br><br>
But for the most part, the defenders of public water stayed on the
outside, gathering in marches (20,000 on the WWF opening day),
alternative forums, and even a Latin American Water Tribunal. Indigenous
peoples from the North and the South of the Americas came together to
compare notes. Hopis from New Mexico brought a gourd of their sacred
water. "Water is a gift from our mother earth. It does not belong to
us" pronounced Josephine Mandanin, an Ojibwa water caretaker. Dine
(Navajo) spokesperson Waleigh Jones of the Black Mountain Water Coalition
told of how the Peabody Coal Company constructed a 200-mile pipeline that
brings massive amounts of Indian water to its strip mine. As in Mazahua
territory, 50% of those living along the pipeline have no access to
drinking water.<br><br>
With its giant river systems, Latin America is the world's most important
water source but has the smallest per capita consumption on the planet,
according to World Bank data presented at the WWF. The defense of water
in the heart of the southern continent crystallized in Indian territory
in 2000 when the majority Aymara and Quechua population of Cochabamba,
Bolivia rose up against the transnational Bechtel Corporation which had
taken over management of the local water system and raised rates 300%.
Tens of thousands camped out in the plaza of that Indian city for a month
until Bechtel finally packed it in. "The war in defense of our water
showed us the power of those down below," recalled Oscar Oliviera, a
director of the movement to defend Cochabamba's water who testified at
the alternative tribunal. <br><br>
But Oliviera warned that the privatizers of water now have their sights
trained on another indigenous water source - Paraguay's Guarami basin,
the earth's largest reserve of sweet water. Under the pretext of Bush's
Terror War, U.S. troops have established a garrison strategically sited
close by the Triple Frontier (Paraguay, Brazil, Argentina) near the
spectacular Iguazu falls. <br><br>
"We must be vigilant of those who would make water into a
merchandise. Water is a fundamental human right," Oliviera
emphasized.<br><br>
The struggle to include water as a fundamental human right in the WWF's
final statement was carried to the forum floor by Bolivia's water
secretary (no other country has a secretary of water) Abel Mamani, a
popular leader from the all-Aymara city of El Alto which has been locked
in a titanic battle with the French conglom Suez, doing business in
Bolivia as Aguas Ilumani, for years. Insisting that he would not sign the
final declaration if water was not declared a universal human right,
Mamani was joined by Venezuela, Cuba, and Uruguay (and to a lesser extent
by Honduras, France, and Spain) but the revolt was quickly squelched.
"The right of water is not relevant to this forum," the World
Bank's Jamal Shagir told the press. Laic Fouchon, president of the World
Water Council, labeled Mamani's remarks as "discourteous and
disagreeable" because the Bolivian had pointed out that 2,000,000
babies die every ear from a lack of clean water. <br><br>
According to the final declaration of the fourth World Water Forum, water
is not a fundamental human right for the world's people in general and
Indian people in particular. Although they are the source of so much of
the Americas' water, indigenous peoples received no mention in the
forum's final document.<br><br>
<b>John Ross</b> is on deadline for "Making Another World
Possible--Zapatista Chronicles 2000-2006" to be published this fall
by Nation Books. He has no time to talk.<br><br>
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