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Despite Drop in Crime, an Increase in Inmates<br><br>
November 8, 2004<br>
By FOX BUTTERFIELD<br><br>
<br><br>
<br><br>
The number of inmates in state and federal prisons rose 2.1<br>
percent last year, even as violent crime and property crime<br>
fell, according to a study by the Justice Department<br>
released yesterday.<br><br>
The continuing increase in the prison population, despite a<br>
drop or leveling off in the crime rate in the past few<br>
years, is a result of laws passed in the 1990's that led to<br>
more prison sentences and longer terms, said Allen J. Beck,<br>
chief of corrections statistics for the department's Bureau<br>
of Justice Statistics and an author of the report.<br><br>
At the end of 2003, there were 1,470,045 men and women in<br>
state and federal prisons in the United States, the report<br>
found. In addition, counting those inmates in city and<br>
county jails and incarcerated juvenile offenders, the total<br>
number of Americans behind bars was 2,212,475 on Dec. 31<br>
last year, the report said.<br><br>
The report estimated that 44 percent of state and federal<br>
prisoners in 2003 were black, compared with 35 percent who<br>
were white, 19 percent who were Hispanic and 2 percent who<br>
were of other races. The numbers have changed little in the<br>
last decade.<br><br>
Statistically, the number of women in prison is growing<br>
fast, rising 3.6 percent in 2003. But at a total of<br>
101,179, they are just 6.9 percent of the prison<br>
population.<br><br>
Alfred Blumstein, a criminologist at Carnegie Mellon<br>
University, said one of the most striking findings in the<br>
report was that almost 10 percent of all American black men<br>
ages 25 to 29 were in prison.<br><br>
Such a high proportion of young black men behind bars not<br>
only has a strong impact on black families, Professor<br>
Blumstein said, but "in many ways is self-defeating." The<br>
criminal justice system is built on deterrence, with being<br>
sent to prison supposedly a stigma, he said. "But it's<br>
tough to convey a sense of stigma when so many of your<br>
friends and neighbors are similarly stigmatized."<br><br>
In seeking to explain the paradox of a falling crime rate<br>
but a rising prison population, Mr. Beck pointed out that<br>
F.B.I. statistics showed that from 1994 to 2003 there was a<br>
16 percent drop in arrests for violent crime, including a<br>
36 percent decrease in arrests for murder and a 25 percent<br>
decrease in arrests for robbery.<br><br>
But the tough new sentencing laws led to a growth in<br>
inmates being sent to prison, from 522,000 in 1995 to<br>
615,400 in 2002, the report said.<br><br>
Similarly, the report found that the average time served by<br>
prison inmates rose from 23 months in 1995 to 30 months in<br>
2001.<br><br>
Among the new measures were mandatory minimum sentencing<br>
laws, which required inmates to serve a specified<br>
proportion of their time behind bars; truth-in-sentencing<br>
laws, which required an inmate to actually serve the time<br>
he was sentenced to; and a variety of three-strikes laws<br>
increasing the penalties for repeat offenders.<br><br>
In the three states with the biggest prison systems,<br>
California, Texas and Florida, the number of newly admitted<br>
inmates grew last year, but the number of those released<br>
either fell or remained stable, Mr. Beck said.<br><br>
Several states with small prison systems had particularly<br>
large increases in new inmates, led by North Dakota, up<br>
11.4 percent, and Minnesota, up 10.3 percent.<br><br>
New York had a 2.8 percent decrease in new inmates,<br>
reflecting the continued sharp fall in crime in New York<br>
City, Mr. Beck said.<br><br>
Over all, Mr. Beck said, the prison population is aging.<br>
Traditionally the great majority of inmates are men in<br>
their 20's and early 30's, but middle-aged inmates, those<br>
40 to 54, account for about half of the increase in the<br>
prison population since 1995, he said.<br><br>
This is a result both of the aging of the general American<br>
population and of the longer sentences, Mr. Beck said.<br><br>
But the number of elderly inmates is still small, despite<br>
longer sentences and more life sentences. Those inmates 65<br>
and older were still only 1 percent of the prison<br>
population in 2003.<br><br>
<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/08/national/08prisons.html?ex=1100930814&ei=1&en=24004a878c5dcafa" eudora="autourl">http://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/08/national/08prisons.html?ex=1100930814&ei=1&en=24004a878c5dcafa<br><br>
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