[News] US unipolarity vs China's multipolarity: Whose vision will shape the new global order?
Anti-Imperialist News
news at freedomarchives.org
Thu Feb 26 10:55:15 EST 2026
Cold War II is transforming the global system, with two competing
visions: The US wants to revive colonialism and spheres of influence.
China wants a multipolar order of sovereignty and cooperation.
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US unipolarity vs China's multipolarity: Whose vision will shape the
new global order?
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Cold War II is transforming the global system, with two competing
visions: The US wants to revive colonialism and spheres of
influence. China wants a multipolar order of sovereignty and
cooperation.
Ben Norton <https://substack.com/@benjaminnorton>
Feb 26, 2026
<https://substack.com/@benjaminnorton>
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<https://substack.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.0MXFoELVVr05nG-2U9UImvnccSMi3MXycDHLGYwM7vg?&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email>
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The United States is waging a new cold war against China. This has been
openly admitted
<https://substack.com/redirect/3655d6e4-c8cc-4c22-8b95-5a2250877d5e?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>in
Washington
<https://substack.com/redirect/9f08a382-c49c-4ec8-9df7-610ce13b178f?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>for
several years.
The First and Second Cold Wars are different in some significant ways.
The ideological split is not exactly the same.
The United States is capitalist and constitutes the heart of the
capitalist world-system, whereas China is socialist. However, the
People’s Republic of China is /not/the Soviet Union; it does not lead a
socialist bloc of countries, and Beijing has been clear that it does not
seek to “export” revolution.
“We will not import other countries’ models, and will not export the
China model
<https://substack.com/redirect/5a0c8e45-5967-43cb-910f-5456255aae11?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>”,
President Xi Jinping asserted in 2017 — although he added, “We will
provide more opportunities for the world through our development”.
With that established, it should be stressed that just because China is
very different from the USSR does /not/mean that there is no ideological
aspect of Cold War Two.
There are unambiguous ideological differences between the US and China,
and each promotes a very different vision of international relations.
The Second Cold War, therefore, will still have an enormous impact on
the new global order that is being shaped
<https://substack.com/redirect/1cbe2532-b252-4139-bfd6-4d02fdd071a4?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>.
In short, the political model that Washington seeks to impose on the
world is the exact /opposite/of the political model being advocated by
Beijing.
<https://substack.com/redirect/7536519e-4180-4860-9558-4423b96b7e87?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>
The Donald Trump administration wants to return to the politics of the
colonial era
<https://substack.com/redirect/ab421bd8-5e9d-46e8-934f-05f07b0f71d1?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>of
the 19th and early 20th centuries, when Western empires carved up the
world and treated other regions as their imperial “spheres of
influence”, denying sovereignty to Global South countries.
In stark contrast, China — which was a victim of colonialism in the
Century of Humiliation — opposes Western hegemony, and wants to lift up
the Global South as the protagonist of a more equitable international order.
Beijing advocates for a multipolar system in which all countries,
regardless of size, have a voice on the international stage and equal
representation in multilateral institutions.
Beijing considers sovereignty to be a sacred principle that must be
respected and guaranteed, in a firmly established system of
international law that every country must abide by, whether or not it is
a great power or a small nation.
Two speeches at one event illustrate the opposing visions of the
US and China
These two opposing global visions were clearly articulated at the 2026
Munich Security Conference in February.
US Secretary of State Marco Rubio delivered an overtly pro-colonialist
speech
<https://substack.com/redirect/ade48366-54e7-4112-b526-9c7a5666c5d4?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>in
which he called to reverse the decolonization of the Global South,
revive “the great Western empires”, and “build a new Western century”.
The top US foreign-policy official demonized Global South anti-colonial
movements as a nefarious plot by “godless communists”. He also praised
the colonization of the Americas by European conquistadores, while
whitewashing and denying the genocidal crimes against humanity
<https://substack.com/redirect/74652c4e-3667-4c30-89e3-f7e252f66745?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>that
they committed against indigenous peoples.
Rubio’s imperialist tirade could not have been any more different from
the remarks delivered by China’s Foreign Minister Wang Yi
<https://substack.com/redirect/750009d1-a125-457a-a400-6bcae5322ed7?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>.
Wang denounced the “the law of the jungle and unilateralism” of the US,
instead calling for a system of “international collaboration” based on
“win-win cooperation”.
The top Chinese foreign-policy official declared (emphasis added):
The monopolization of global power by a small number of countries is
unpopular. We live in a *multipolar world*and need to practice *true
multilateralism*.
There needs to be *greater democracy in international relations*.
Global affairs should be discussed by all and the future of the
world should be decided by all.
We need to make sure that *all countries abide by the same set of
rules*, i.e., the basic norms governing international relations
underpinned by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter. *All
countries should be equal*in terms of rights, opportunities and
rules, and all countries, in particular small and medium-sized ones,
should be able to find their places and play their roles in
international relations.
Compared back to back, these speeches succinctly demonstrate the
ideological divisions of Cold War Two.
The multipolar model of international relations that China is promoting
is the polar opposite of the unipolar one advocated by the United States.
Beijing defends decolonization and wants a global order based on
multipolarity, multilateralism, and peace; while Washington uses
military force and wages economic warfare
<https://substack.com/redirect/9a579035-29d7-4b03-9cdb-0b25bb6b0965?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>in
a desperate attempt to restore a unipolar system in which it can act
unilaterally, anywhere on Earth, without consequences.
Washington wants an international system based on the law of the
jungle
The extreme imperialist worldview of the US government was articulated
by Donald Trump’s deputy chief of staff for policy, the far-right white
nationalist Stephen Miller
<https://substack.com/redirect/18712f21-1803-4b1c-96a3-16b090f57cae?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>.
In an interview on CNN in January, Miller defended the Trump
administration’s illegal invasion of Venezuela
<https://substack.com/redirect/ad06f61c-c447-4d1c-b893-eaea03f1fe37?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>,
in which US troops killed more than 100 people and kidnapped
internationally recognized President Nicolás Maduro.
Miller argued that the global political order is and should be based on
the principle that might makes right. He stated the following in a
segment with CNN host Jake Tapper:
*STEPHEN MILLER*: The United States — this is sort of foundational —
the United States is using its military to secure our interests
unapologetically in our hemisphere.
*We’re a superpower*. And under President Trump, *we are going to
conduct ourselves as a superpower*.
It is absurd that we would allow a nation in our own backyard to
become the supplier of resources to our adversaries, but not to us;
to hoard weapons from our adversaries; to be able to be positioned
as an asset against the United States, rather than on behalf of the
United States.
*JAKE TAPPER*: Sovereign countries shouldn’t be able to do what they
want to do?
*STEPHEN MILLER*: The Monroe Doctrine and the Trump Doctrine is all
about securing the national interest of America.
…
The future of the free world depends on *America being able to
assert ourselves and our interests without apology*.
These are not just the fringe views of one individual. This is the
imperialist ideology that is openly promoted by top officials of the US
government, including Trump and Marco Rubio.
Rubio’s pro-colonialist speech at the 2026 Munich Security Conference
<https://substack.com/redirect/3fbe5716-6850-455c-9a50-737b9b2733ab?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>made
it clear beyond a doubt that the goal of the US empire is to reverse the
decolonization of the latter half of the 20th century and to drag the
world back to the colonial era of the 19th and early 20th centuries.
China’s vision of a multipolar world
The model of international relations that China is promoting is that of
a multipolar world based on multilateralism, win-win cooperation, and
respect for the sovereignty of all countries, including and especially
small ones.
The People’s Republic of China is profoundly opposed to imperialism and
hegemony, and not only for ideological reasons, but also due to its own
history.
During the Century of Humiliation — from the start of the British
Empire’s First Opium War in 1839 until the revolution of 1949 — China
was partially colonized by numerous Western powers and Japan. The
European empires, Japan, and the United States all invaded China
<https://substack.com/redirect/86083b94-fc69-4d6f-8bce-fadb7393ab02?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>,
exploited its workers and resources, and even seized control of parts of
its territory.
Since its foundation in 1949, the People’s Republic of China has done
everything it can to defend its sovereignty and make sure the Century of
Humiliation is never repeated.
This history very much informs the policies of China’s Ministry of
Foreign Affairs.
Beijing’s vision for the world was spelled out in the speech given by
Foreign Minister Wang Yi
<https://substack.com/redirect/239fb44e-7992-49da-882a-5efd67850836?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>at
the 2026 Munich Security Conference.
This was the antithesis of the remarks delivered by Rubio.
<https://substack.com/redirect/ab92ab4a-103b-49f4-a934-81a28af7a39d?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>
China’s Foreign Minister Wang Yi at the Munich Security Conference in
February 2026
The following is an excerpt of Wang’s speech (all emphasis added):
Over the past year, the international landscape was marked by
growing transformations and turbulence, and /*the law of the jungle
and unilateralism went rampant*/*.*Humanity has come to a new
crossroads for the cause of peace and development. At such a
juncture, President Xi Jinping proposed the *Global Governance
Initiative (GGI)*, and called for following the *five principles*of
*sovereign equality, international rule of law, multilateralism, the
people-centered approach, and real actions*, with a view to jointly
building a *more just and equitable global governance system*. The
GGI aligns with the progressive trend of the times, represents the
biggest common ground of the world’s nations, and has thus received
widespread response from the international community shortly after
its announcement. It injects new impetus into the endeavor to build
a community with a shared future for humanity, and offers a compass
for the giant ship of history to navigate through storms toward a
brighter future. Now that humanity has weathered wind and rain to
come this far, pulling together should be the imperative choice. We
should reform and improve global governance to set the ship of
history on the right course.
In reforming and improving global governance, the priority is to
*revitalize the United Nations system.*
The founding of the U.N. was an important outcome of the victory of
the *World Anti-Fascist War,*a historic choice made by previous
generations after painful reflection on past agonies, and the peace
endeavor that nations have invested their greatest efforts in thus
far. This edifice was jointly built by the people of the world. We
have every responsibility to reinforce and renovate it, and no right
to destroy it or tear it down.
/*The U.N. is not perfect, but it remains the most universal*/and
authoritative intergovernmental organization in the world. On the
U.N. platform, *each country, regardless of its size or wealth, has
a voice and a sacred vote as well as its due obligations and equal
rights*. /*Without the U.N., the world would revert to the law of
the jungle where the strong prey on the weak*/, and many small and
medium-sized countries would lose the multilateral foundation
critical to their survival and development.
Therefore, what is imperative for us today is to recommit to the
founding mission of the U.N., revitalize the leading role of the
U.N., abide by the purposes of the U.N. Charter, and enhance the
efficiency and efficacy of the U.N. system, so that the organization
will be able to better adapt to the needs of the 21st century and
unleash renewed vitality.
In reforming and improving global governance, the key lies in the
collaboration and cooperation of all countries.
/*The reason why the international system is not functioning well
enough lies not with the U.N. itself,**but rather with certain
country*/seeking to magnify differences and disagreements, *put
itself above everyone else, stoke bloc confrontation*and even
/*revive the Cold War mentality*/. All these have eroded the
foundation of trust, worsened the atmosphere for cooperation, and
impeded the functioning of international institutions.
To safeguard international collaboration and cooperation, it is
important to seek common ground while shelving differences and
*pursue */*win-win cooperation*/. The world is a diverse place. It
is only natural that countries differ in social system, history,
culture, interests and demand. And it is precisely the differences
that necessitate dialogue and cooperation. *There is no reason why
countries cannot respect each other and contribute to each other’s
success*. Just like the way gentlemen engage with one another, there
could be harmony without uniformity.
A review of history shows, from the victory of the World
Anti-Fascist War, to overcoming the global financial crisis, from
the climate response to fighting terrorism, none of such progress
would have been possible without countries coming together for
sincere cooperation despite their differences. Let us always bear in
mind that unity brings strength, and only in unity can we find hope.
In reforming and improving global governance, /*multilateralism
should be always upheld*/.
*The monopolization of global power by a small number of countries
is unpopular*. *We live in a */*multipolar world*/*and need to
practice */*true multilateralism*/. There needs to be /*greater
democracy in international relations*/, global affairs should be
discussed by all and the future of the world should be decided by all.
*We need to make sure that all countries abide by the same set of
rules*, i.e., the basic norms governing international relations
underpinned by the purposes and principles of the U.N. Charter.
/*All countries should be equal*/in terms of rights, opportunities
and rules, and all countries, in particular small and medium-sized
ones, should be able to find their places and play their roles in
international relations.
To practice multilateralism, major countries in particular should
lead by example. They should take the lead in *pursuing cooperation,
instead of conflict or confrontation*. They should take the lead in
observing rules, instead of applying double standards. They should
take the lead in *promoting equality, instead of imposing their will
onto others.*They should take the lead in encouraging openness,
instead of resorting to self-serving unilateralism.
/*The Global South is rising collectively*/. The global governance
system should also stay up-to-date to *give more prominence to their
voices and representation*. Time will prove that the more democratic
international relations are, the more peaceful the world is; the
stronger multilateralism gets, the more effective global governance
becomes.
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Restack
<https://substack.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.0MXFoELVVr05nG-2U9UImvnccSMi3MXycDHLGYwM7vg?&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email>
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