[News] Trump's blatant attacks on international law are nothing new for the US. They're bipartisan.

Anti-Imperialist News news at freedomarchives.org
Sun Jul 27 20:02:49 EDT 2025 

Donald Trump is withdrawing the US from UN bodies, tearing up climate 
change treaties, and attacking multilateral orgs -- just like the 
presidents before him. Imperialism is bipartisan in Washington.
͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏   ­͏   
  ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     
­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏ 
     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏   
  ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     
­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏ 
     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏   
  ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     
­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏ 
     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏   
  ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     
­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏ 
     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏   
  ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     
­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏ 
     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏   
  ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     
­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏ 
     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­͏   
  ­͏     ­͏     ­͏     ­

	
	

	
Forwarded this email? Subscribe here 
<https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ2VvcG9saXRpY2FsZWNvbm9teS5yZXBvcnQvc3Vic2NyaWJlP3V0bV9zb3VyY2U9ZW1haWwmdXRtX2NhbXBhaWduPWVtYWlsLXN1YnNjcmliZSZyPWx2cHBiJm5leHQ9aHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZ3d3cuZ2VvcG9saXRpY2FsZWNvbm9teS5yZXBvcnQlMkZwJTJGdHJ1bXAtaW50ZXJuYXRpb25hbC1sYXctdXMtaW1wZXJpYWxpc20iLCJwIjoxNjkzOTg0MTgsInMiOjQ1NzU5NiwiZiI6dHJ1ZSwidSI6MzY3NTE1ODMsImlhdCI6MTc1MzY0OTc5MywiZXhwIjoyMDY5MjI1NzkzLCJpc3MiOiJwdWItMCIsInN1YiI6ImxpbmstcmVkaXJlY3QifQ.XtiSROg4OOUBQymYwP81USL5tYBsDWTEGt4mnQHVUzc?> 
for more


  Trump's blatant attacks on international law are nothing new for the
  US. They're bipartisan.
  <https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=457596&post_id=169398418&utm_source=post-email-title&utm_campaign=email-post-title&isFreemail=true&r=lvppb&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjozNjc1MTU4MywicG9zdF9pZCI6MTY5Mzk4NDE4LCJpYXQiOjE3NTM2NDk3OTMsImV4cCI6MTc1NjI0MTc5MywiaXNzIjoicHViLTQ1NzU5NiIsInN1YiI6InBvc3QtcmVhY3Rpb24ifQ.uqbpvEgFl8xNYLQc2z-uxcvRF0W66yz6VAmg7Emty5M>


      Donald Trump is withdrawing the US from UN bodies, tearing up
      climate change treaties, and attacking multilateral orgs -- just
      like the presidents before him. Imperialism is bipartisan in
      Washington.

Ben Norton <https://substack.com/@benjaminnorton>

Jul 27, 2025

	
<https://substack.com/@benjaminnorton>

<https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=457596&post_id=169398418&utm_source=substack&isFreemail=true&submitLike=true&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjozNjc1MTU4MywicG9zdF9pZCI6MTY5Mzk4NDE4LCJyZWFjdGlvbiI6IuKdpCIsImlhdCI6MTc1MzY0OTc5MywiZXhwIjoxNzU2MjQxNzkzLCJpc3MiOiJwdWItNDU3NTk2Iiwic3ViIjoicmVhY3Rpb24ifQ.hULKHyYyKGAfs80GuopEljX89dVnwim_TKiYnP-IPZA&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=email-reaction&r=lvppb> 


	
	
<https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=457596&post_id=169398418&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&isFreemail=true&comments=true&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjozNjc1MTU4MywicG9zdF9pZCI6MTY5Mzk4NDE4LCJpYXQiOjE3NTM2NDk3OTMsImV4cCI6MTc1NjI0MTc5MywiaXNzIjoicHViLTQ1NzU5NiIsInN1YiI6InBvc3QtcmVhY3Rpb24ifQ.uqbpvEgFl8xNYLQc2z-uxcvRF0W66yz6VAmg7Emty5M&r=lvppb&utm_campaign=email-half-magic-comments&action=post-comment&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email> 


	
	
<https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=457596&post_id=169398418&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&utm_campaign=email-share&action=share&triggerShare=true&isFreemail=true&r=lvppb&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjozNjc1MTU4MywicG9zdF9pZCI6MTY5Mzk4NDE4LCJpYXQiOjE3NTM2NDk3OTMsImV4cCI6MTc1NjI0MTc5MywiaXNzIjoicHViLTQ1NzU5NiIsInN1YiI6InBvc3QtcmVhY3Rpb24ifQ.uqbpvEgFl8xNYLQc2z-uxcvRF0W66yz6VAmg7Emty5M> 


	
	
<https://substack.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.2LlN5XWHv03cNxOZbKjCtYld_zcvyOCtlwJuQnXm-UA?&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email> 


	
READ IN APP 
<https://open.substack.com/pub/geopoliticaleconomy/p/trump-international-law-us-imperialism?utm_source=email&redirect=app-store&utm_campaign=email-read-in-app> 



	<https://substack.com/redirect/c8fbbf62-a911-4720-99e7-1f3215339578?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM> 	

The Donald Trump administration has launched many frontal attacks on 
multilateral organizations and international law.

However, these clear violations of international law are nothing new for 
US presidents. Opposition to multilateralism has been a bipartisan 
feature of US politics for many decades.

In February, Trump withdrew the United States from the UN Human Rights 
Council (UNHRC), repeating an action he had done back in 2018, during 
his first term.

The Trump administration also attacked the UN Relief and Works Agency 
for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), and announced that he 
had cut US funding for both UNRWA and the UNHRC.

Then, in July, Trump withdrew the United States from UNESCO, the United 
Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization.

The US State Department complained 
<https://substack.com/redirect/a2caccc7-2744-4cbe-9372-1c33d3af39f9?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>that 
“UNESCO’s decision to admit the ‘State of Palestine’ as a Member State 
is highly problematic, contrary to U.S. policy, and contributed to the 
proliferation of anti-Israel rhetoric within the organization”.

During his first term, back in 2017, Trump had also withdrawn the US 
from UNESCO 
<https://substack.com/redirect/8847ffee-b2b9-4e6e-a396-266f8ab5bc6c?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>. 


In superficial contrast to Trump, the Joe Biden administration cynically 
employed rhetoric about multilateralism. But it was just marketing, 
because Washington still acted in an aggressive, unilateral manner.

In 2021, Biden had the US rejoin the UNHRC 
<https://substack.com/redirect/bfa79bad-a8b5-4b28-b66c-e049119b3ebb?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>. 
His Secretary of State Antony Blinken insisted that Washington was 
upholding the so-called “rules-based international order 
<https://substack.com/redirect/381a8e90-4cb9-4b90-961f-8c938f26dda6?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>”.

In 2023, the Biden administration even rejoined UNESCO 
<https://substack.com/redirect/53db570d-4ebe-48a6-9cf6-5009b142fcf6?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>— 
although this was the same year that the US government sponsored a 
genocide in Gaza 
<https://substack.com/redirect/d57b21d5-2f0d-46ac-8425-e10661c34dd1?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>, 
flooded Israel with $18 billion in military aid 
<https://substack.com/redirect/46959f2e-01e0-449d-95b3-d6211cc7650b?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>, 
and unilaterally vetoed numerous UN Security Council resolutions 
<https://substack.com/redirect/1c1c9503-9262-4ab6-88bc-b5f9f749c7ee?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>that 
called for a ceasefire.


	<https://substack.com/redirect/607d9d79-91d5-45ea-8bbf-7e2743038b34?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM> 	

In fact, Trump took credit in 2025 for suspending US funding for UNRWA, 
the UN Palestine refugees agency, but Reuters published a fact check 
noting that it had already been halted by the Biden administration in 
2024 
<https://substack.com/redirect/a6e409fd-7a19-4153-a432-da60a1a26ff1?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>.

Again, opposition to international law is bipartisan in Washington.


	<https://substack.com/redirect/10fe77e1-5c4e-47b8-9611-7755d8b03ad2?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM> 	

Democratic critics have depicted Trump as a unique threat over his 
flagrant opposition to international law.

The corporate media has often repeated this deceptive trope 
<https://substack.com/redirect/3bf88ae0-773a-4d79-ae6e-4b05335535b5?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>, 
spinning the narrative that the US government supported multilateralism 
and international law until Trump came along and blew it all up.

This is completely false, ahistorical, and absurd.

One does not need to go back far in history to see the myriad examples 
of Washington blatantly attacking international law.

George W. Bush signed the Hague Invasion Act 
<https://substack.com/redirect/ddc91e34-b0aa-4899-8305-871af2d6238e?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>in 
2002, threatening military intervention if the Hague ever tried US 
officials or their allies. That same year, he also "unsigned" the treaty 
<https://substack.com/redirect/212ce66a-cef4-419b-988b-0d9ea6e2ceb0?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>establishing 
the International Criminal Court (ICC).


	<https://substack.com/redirect/25ad4ef3-ad10-440a-aa51-8afda01552ad?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM> 	

When the Trump White House imposed sanctions on the ICC 
<https://substack.com/redirect/b284d08c-4ed4-414d-a20c-8e69aaf39862?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>in 
February 2025, it cited the Bush-era Hague Invasion Act (officially 
called the American Servicemembers’ Protection Act) to justify the 
aggressive action.

Bush similarly withdrew from a major international treaty on climate 
change 
<https://substack.com/redirect/fbb4ed65-93b3-443b-9aba-68b99f972723?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>in 
2001. Trump later did the same, pulling out of the Paris Agreement, 
which is a legally binding international treaty 
<https://substack.com/redirect/a964fce7-c1f6-4701-ba62-76c21086bfcd?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>under 
the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

Then, of course, Bush invaded Iraq in a criminal war of aggression, 
which UN Secretary General Kofi Annan said clearly violated 
international law 
<https://substack.com/redirect/3680706f-7d2b-4920-b0f9-4e9ff3818b04?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>. 
A million Iraqis died 
<https://substack.com/redirect/59b4b64a-fa9a-46de-b0a8-9d458e6ed1aa?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>due 
to this illegal imperial war.


	<https://substack.com/redirect/404d2591-41fd-4c98-9122-68227932eb2e?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM> 	

It is not just Republicans who wage these political wars on 
international law; Democrats do as well.

You know who helped establish the precedent for attacking UNESCO? Barack 
Obama. He cut US funding for UNESCO in 2011 
<https://substack.com/redirect/a4ceebf1-6e5f-4516-803e-b32a3a378c60?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>, 
after the UN body voted to admit Palestine.


	<https://substack.com/redirect/af00b12d-0fae-4e4a-8772-75d5800734ea?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM> 	

Obama then went on, in 2016, to sign the biggest deal for US military 
aid 
<https://substack.com/redirect/d75d14ba-e9d6-49d0-94c0-a447adeaa1fa?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>to 
the Israeli colonial regime in history, at a neat $38 billion.

Likewise, Obama waged wars on Syria, Libya, and Yemen, not to mention 
his drone wars 
<https://substack.com/redirect/6acec2f9-15ce-4818-a3bc-c9437f0a0b1e?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>in 
Pakistan and Somalia and his continuation of the US military occupation 
of Afghanistan.

Ronald Reagan had a lot of similarities with Donald Trump, too. In 
1983-84, decades before Trump came to power, Reagan withdrew the US from 
UNESCO 
<https://substack.com/redirect/7f43eda8-4817-452f-8ac7-92d22268e818?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>. 


The Reagan administration complained that the UN body was 
"collectivist", discussed disarmament (read: peace) proposals, and 
considered the New International Economic Order that was demanded by the 
formerly colonized countries of the Global South.

A US State Department official under Reagan also attacked the 
International Labor Organization (ILO), United Nations environmental 
program, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), International Atomic 
Energy Agency (IAEA), and International Telecommunications Union, the 
New York Times reported at the time.


	<https://substack.com/redirect/4c3ce8a9-a975-4db5-a1b0-5b2afe4c1539?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM> 	

In the 1980s, Reagan spat in the face of international law by waging 
numerous criminal wars of aggression.

In 1983, the US invaded the small Caribbean nation of Grenada 
<https://substack.com/redirect/fa7d501c-a569-4bde-8261-d9246e5df0de?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>, 
to violently overthrow its revolutionary anti-imperialist government.

The Reagan administration also launched a bloody war against Nicaragua 
<https://substack.com/redirect/08a589ca-bd31-474a-9268-7afe6c6abf16?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>, 
resorting to terrorist tactics and far-right death squads in a desperate 
attempt to overthrow its leftist Sandinista government.

Nicaragua filed a lawsuit against the United States 
<https://substack.com/redirect/3d4b277a-c06d-483a-93ce-4ed8ea8038ba?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>in 
1984 at the UN's International Court of Justice (ICJ). The US regime 
lost this case, but Washington refused to pay reparations to Nicaragua 
<https://substack.com/redirect/e41b82a2-80ba-4fcd-a09c-22b49d7fcfb2?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM>, 
which are still legally owed to this day.

In short, what Donald Trump is doing today — withdrawing the US from UN 
bodies, tearing up climate change treaties, and attacking multilateral 
organizations — is exactly what the US empire has done for decades, 
regardless of who the president of the regime is.

Trump himself is not the sole problem; he is a symptom of the deep 
structural rot. The problem is US imperialism, and it is thoroughly 
bipartisan.

Like 
<https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=457596&post_id=169398418&utm_source=substack&isFreemail=true&submitLike=true&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjozNjc1MTU4MywicG9zdF9pZCI6MTY5Mzk4NDE4LCJyZWFjdGlvbiI6IuKdpCIsImlhdCI6MTc1MzY0OTc5MywiZXhwIjoxNzU2MjQxNzkzLCJpc3MiOiJwdWItNDU3NTk2Iiwic3ViIjoicmVhY3Rpb24ifQ.hULKHyYyKGAfs80GuopEljX89dVnwim_TKiYnP-IPZA&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=email-reaction&r=lvppb> 


	
	
Comment 
<https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=457596&post_id=169398418&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&isFreemail=true&comments=true&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjozNjc1MTU4MywicG9zdF9pZCI6MTY5Mzk4NDE4LCJpYXQiOjE3NTM2NDk3OTMsImV4cCI6MTc1NjI0MTc5MywiaXNzIjoicHViLTQ1NzU5NiIsInN1YiI6InBvc3QtcmVhY3Rpb24ifQ.uqbpvEgFl8xNYLQc2z-uxcvRF0W66yz6VAmg7Emty5M&r=lvppb&utm_campaign=email-half-magic-comments&action=post-comment&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email> 


	
	
Restack 
<https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9vcGVuLnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbS9wdWIvZ2VvcG9saXRpY2FsZWNvbm9teS9wL3RydW1wLWludGVybmF0aW9uYWwtbGF3LXVzLWltcGVyaWFsaXNtP3V0bV9zb3VyY2U9c3Vic3RhY2smdXRtX21lZGl1bT1lbWFpbCZ1dG1fY2FtcGFpZ249ZW1haWwtcmVzdGFjay1jb21tZW50JmFjdGlvbj1yZXN0YWNrLWNvbW1lbnQmcj1sdnBwYiZ0b2tlbj1leUoxYzJWeVgybGtJam96TmpjMU1UVTRNeXdpY0c5emRGOXBaQ0k2TVRZNU16azROREU0TENKcFlYUWlPakUzTlRNMk5EazNPVE1zSW1WNGNDSTZNVGMxTmpJME1UYzVNeXdpYVhOeklqb2ljSFZpTFRRMU56VTVOaUlzSW5OMVlpSTZJbkJ2YzNRdGNtVmhZM1JwYjI0aWZRLnVxYnB2RWdGbDh4TllMUWMyei11eGN2UkYwVzY2eXo2VkFtZzdFbXR5NU0iLCJwIjoxNjkzOTg0MTgsInMiOjQ1NzU5NiwiZiI6dHJ1ZSwidSI6MzY3NTE1ODMsImlhdCI6MTc1MzY0OTc5MywiZXhwIjoyMDY5MjI1NzkzLCJpc3MiOiJwdWItMCIsInN1YiI6ImxpbmstcmVkaXJlY3QifQ.2LlN5XWHv03cNxOZbKjCtYld_zcvyOCtlwJuQnXm-UA?&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email> 


	


© 2025 Benjamin Norton
548 Market Street PMB 72296, San Francisco, CA 94104

	

-------------- next part --------------
An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
URL: <http://freedomarchives.org/pipermail/news_freedomarchives.org/attachments/20250727/67f343c9/attachment-0001.htm>

More information about the News mailing list