[News] USAID Falls, Exposing a Giant Network of US-Funded “Independent” Media

[Anti-Imperialist News]

mintpressnews.com
<https://www.mintpressnews.com/usaid-media-funding-cuts-indepdent-news/289093/>
USAID Falls, Exposing a Giant Network of US-Funded “Independent” Media
Alan Macleod
February 18, 2025
------------------------------
[image: AP25039739918751_edited.jpg]

The Trump administration’s decision to pause USAID funding has plunged
hundreds of so-called “independent media” outlets into crisis, thereby
exposing a worldwide network of thousands of journalists, all working to
promote U.S. interests in their home countries.

In late January, President Trump—along with help from the head of the
Department of Government Efficiency, Elon Musk—began implementing sweeping
changes to the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
on the premise that the organization’s promotion of liberal and progressive
causes was a gigantic waste of money. The group’s website and Twitter
account have disappeared amid widespread speculation that it will cease to
exist or be folded into Marco Rubio’s
<https://www.mintpressnews.com/marco-rubio-perfect-little-puppet-most-dangerous-man-alive/288757/>
State Department.

The pausing of aid immediately sent shockwaves across the planet, not least
in the international media, many of which, unbeknownst to their readers,
are totally dependent on financing from Washington.

In total, USAID spends over a quarter of a billion dollars yearly training
and funding a vast, sprawling network of more than 6,200 reporters at
nearly 1,000 news outlets or journalism organizations, all under the rubric
of promoting “independent media.”

With the money tap unexpectedly turned off, outlets around the world are
panicking, turning to their readers for donations, and thereby outing
themselves as fronts for U.S. power.
Media on the Dole: Cash Flow Crisis Hits Hard

Perhaps the country most affected by this sudden change in policy is
Ukraine. While criticizing the decision, Oksana Romanyuk, the Director of
Ukraine’s Institute for Mass Information, revealed
<https://imi.org.ua/en/news/oksana-romaniuk-90-of-ukrainian-media-survived-thanks-to-grants-i66314>
that almost 90% of the country’s media are bankrolled by USAID, including
many that have no other source of funding.

Olga Rudenko, the editor-in-chief of the Kyiv Independent (an outlet
MintPress previously revealed
<https://www.mintpressnews.com/kyiv-independent-deep-dive-the-wests-in-kind-answer-to-putins-propaganda/280167/>
receives funds from Washington), also denounced the decision. Last month,
she wrote
<https://kyivindependent.com/trumps-aid-freeze-stranded-independent-ukrainian-media-heres-how-you-can-help/>
that the USAID freeze is a greater threat to independent Ukrainian
journalism than either the COVID-19 pandemic or the Russian invasion. The
Kyiv Independent has since asked
<https://kyivindependent.com/kyiv-independent-launches-fundraiser-to-support-ukrainian-front-line-media-after-us-aid-freeze/>
its readers to support a funding drive to keep pro-U.S. Ukrainian media
alive. Other large Ukrainian outlets, such as Hromadske and Bihus.Info,
have done
<https://strana.news/news/479103-rjad-smi-poprosili-donatit-im-posle-ostanovki-prohramm-usaid.html>
the same.

Anti-government Cuban media have been plunged into a similar predicament.
Miami-based CubaNet published an editorial asking readers for money. “We
are facing an unexpected challenge: the suspension of key funding that
sustained part of our work.” they wrote
<https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-funded-cuban-media-limbo-after-trump-orders-usaid-closed-2025-02-10/>;
“If you value our work and believe in keeping the truth alive, we ask for
your support.” Last year, CubaNet received $500,000 in USAID funding to
engage “on-island young Cubans through objective and uncensored multimedia
journalism.” Cynics, however, might visit the website and see little but
anti-communist talking points.

Madrid-based Diario de Cuba is also in dire straits. Last weekend, the
outlet’s director, Pablo Díaz Espí, noted
<https://diariodecuba.com/cuba/1738958160_59821.html> that “aid to
independent journalism from the government of the United States has been
suspended, which makes our work more difficult” before asking viewers to
subscribe. Since the Cuban Revolution of 1959, the United States has spent
giant amounts of money financing media networks in an attempt to bring the
government down. Between 1985 and 2013 alone, Radio and TV Martí received
<https://archive.ph/8b3HD#selection-995.25-995.107> over half a billion
dollars in taxpayer money.
[image: USAID Head visits exhibition of destroyed russian military
equipment in Mykhailivska Square]Samantha Power, then-head of USAID, visits
an exhibition of destroyed Russian military equipment in Kiev, Ukraine.
October, 2022. Photo | AP

Across the world, the funding freeze has put outlets in immediate danger of
shutting down. Burmese organizations have already begun firing staff.
Around 200 journalists are thought to be directly paid by USAID. “We are
struggling to survive,” Wunna Khwar Nyo, chief editor of Western News, told
<https://www.voanews.com/a/us-aid-freeze-spells-uncertain-future-for-international-media/7958494.html>
Voice of America. “I cannot imagine [how people will manage] without a
salary to pay your rent,” worried Toe Zaw Latt of the Independent Press
Council Myanmar.

A recent survey
<https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2025/feb/11/trump-usaid-cuts-freeze-press-freedom-ukraine-afghanistan-media-rsf>
of 20 leading Belarusian media outlets found that a staggering 60% of their
budgets come from Washington. Speaking about the USAID funding pause,
Natalia Belikova of Press Club Belarus warned
<https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2025/feb/11/trump-usaid-cuts-freeze-press-freedom-ukraine-afghanistan-media-rsf>,
“They are at risk of fading away and gradually disappearing.”

In Iran, U.S.-backed media have already had to fire workers. A BBC Persian
report <https://www.bbc.com/persian/articles/c75zq06pwlro> noted that more
than 30 Iranian groups held a crisis meeting to discuss how to respond to
the aid cuts.

Like in Iran, anti-government Nicaraguan media is highly dependent on
subsidies from Washington. U.S.-backed Nicaragua Investiga condemned
<https://thegrayzone.com/2025/01/31/trump-executive-order-us-regime-change-network/>
Trump’s decision as a “serious blow” against a media that “depends largely
on the financial and technical support provided by agencies such as USAID.”

Another country awash in Western NGO cash is Georgia. On January 30,
Georgia Today noted
<https://thegrayzone.com/2025/01/31/trump-executive-order-us-regime-change-network/>that
USAID financing has been a “cornerstone” of the country since its
independence. It warned that many organizations would immediately shutter
their doors for good without the constant flow of money.

Similar reports have emerged from Serbia
<https://lat.rt.rs/srbija-i-balkan/127833-usaid-srbija-suspenzija-saradnja/>,
Moldova
<https://abcnews.go.com/Business/wireStory/us-aid-long-lifeline-eastern-europe-trump-cuts-118298184>,
and across Latin America
<https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2025/feb/11/trump-usaid-cuts-freeze-press-freedom-ukraine-afghanistan-media-rsf>.
Meanwhile, social media users have noticed
<https://x.com/AtamanIsoir/status/1891666799105638542> that many of the
most prominent anti-China voices on their respective platforms have gone
strangely silent since the shutdown.
“Independent” Media, Brought to You By the US Government

The cuts to USAID, therefore, have highlighted that the United States has
consciously created a vast matrix encompassing thousands of journalists
worldwide, all producing pro-U.S. content.

Yet, in discussing the USAID cuts, corporate media has insisted on
describing these outlets as “independent.” “Independent outlets in [the]
former Soviet Union are poised to be hurt by temporary shut down at key US
agency,” wrote
<https://www.ft.com/content/10b6a51f-35d4-4f17-86ff-15bc9751f73d> The
Financial Times. “From Ukraine to Afghanistan, independent media
organizations across the world are being forced to lay off staff or shut
down after losing USAID funding,” The Guardian told
<https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2025/feb/11/trump-usaid-cuts-freeze-press-freedom-ukraine-afghanistan-media-rsf>
its readers. Meanwhile, The Washington Post went
<https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2025/02/07/ukraine-russia-independent-media-trump-usaid/>
with “Independent media in Russia, Ukraine lose their funding with USAID
freeze.” Perhaps most notably, even organizations like Reporters Without
Borders (RSF) did
<https://rsf.org/en/usa-trump-s-foreign-aid-freeze-throws-journalism-around-world-chaos?mc_cid=4e8b353ce6&mc_eid=2f6d1b7690>
the same. Clayton Weimers, executive director of RSF U.S., commented
<https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2025/feb/11/trump-usaid-cuts-freeze-press-freedom-ukraine-afghanistan-media-rsf>,
“Non-profit newsroom and media organizations have already had to cease
operations and lay off staff. The most likely scenario is that after the
90-day freeze, they will disappear forever.”

There is already a serious problem in modern discourse with the term
“independent media,” a phrase commonly defined
<https://www.annenbergclassroom.org/glossary_term/independent-media/> as
any media outlet, no matter how big an empire it is, that is not owned or
funded by the state (as if that is the only form of dependence or control
to which media is subject). But even at this extremely low bar, all these
outlets fail. Indeed, Weimers’ warning underlines the fact that none of
them are independent in any meaningful way. They are, in fact, *completely
dependent* on USAID for their very existence.

Not only that, but some USAID-backed journalists candidly admit that their
funding dictates their output and what stories they do and do not cover.
Leila Bicakcic, CEO of Center for Investigative Reporting (a USAID-supported
<https://cin.ba/en/about/> Bosnian organization), admitted
<https://dalek.zone/w/xjUjomMZxRCvp3Z3Gtk9sT>, on camera, that “If you are
funded by the U.S. government, there are certain topics that you would
simply not go after, because the U.S. government has its interests that are
above all others.”

While USAID specifically targets foreign audiences, much of its messaging
comes back to America, as those foreign outlets are used as credible,
independent, and reliable sources for newspapers or cable news networks to
cite. Thus, its bankrolling of foreign media ends up flooding domestic
audiences with pro-U.S. messaging as well.

While the press may be lamenting the demise of USAID-backed media, many
heads of state are not. “Take your money with you,” said
<https://orinocotribune.com/the-demise-of-usaid-few-regrets-in-latin-america/>
Colombian President Gustavo Petro, “it’s poison.”

Nayib Bukele, President of El Salvador, shared a rare moment of agreement
with Petro. “Most governments don’t want USAID funds flowing into their
countries because they understand where much of that money actually ends
up,” he wrote <https://x.com/nayibbukele/status/1886059275174506850>,
explaining that:

While marketed as support for development, democracy, and human rights, the
majority of these funds are funneled into opposition groups, NGOs with
political agendas, and destabilizing movements. At best, maybe 10% of the
money reaches real projects that help people in need (there are such
cases), but the rest is used to fuel dissent, finance protests, and
undermine administrations that refuse to align with the globalist agenda.”

Controlling the Narrative

USAID influences global media and the means of communication in far more
profound ways than simply sponsoring news outlets. Last March, a 97-page
USAID document
<https://www.mintpressnews.com/usaid-disinformation-primer-global-censorship-name-of-democracy/287075/>
was obtained under the Freedom of Information Act.

The document revealed a vast operation to censor and suppress wide swaths
of the internet, including Twitch, Reddit, 4Chan, Facebook, Twitter,
Discord and alternative media websites. There, USAID lamented, users were
able to build communities to create “populist expertise” and develop
opinions and viewpoints that challenge official U.S. government narratives.

Although its internal justification was halting the flow of mis- and
disinformation, it seemed particularly concerned with “malinformation” – a
concept it defines as speech that is factually correct but “misleading”
(i.e., bothersome truths the U.S. government would prefer the public does
not know).

Chief among the methods USAID outlines to suppress independent media is
what it calls “advertiser outreach” – in effect, threatening advertisers
into cutting ties with smaller websites to throttle them financially.

The report makes clear that its main concern is not China or Russia, but
its domestic population:

Discussions on disinformation and misinformation often revolve around
assumptions of state actors driving the issue. However, problematic
information more regularly originates from networks of alternative sites
and anonymous individuals who have created their own ‘alt media’ online
spaces.”

USAID suggests directing the public towards mainstream, corporate sources
of information and “psychologically inoculating” them against inconvenient
facts that challenge U.S. power by “prebunking” information before people
see it. Prebunking includes “discrediting the brand, the credibility and
reputation of those making false allegations”—in other words, a
state-directed attack against alternative media and critics of the U.S.
government. The full report – and a MintPress News investigation on the
subject – can be read here
<https://www.mintpressnews.com/usaid-disinformation-primer-global-censorship-name-of-democracy/287075/>
.

USAID, however, is far from the only government institution attempting to
control global narratives. The National Endowment for Democracy (reportedly
<https://www.thefp.com/p/trump-starves-the-national-endowment-for-democracy-elon-musk-doge>
also in Musk and DOGE’s crosshairs) also sponsors
<https://www.mintpressnews.com/the-daily-nk-news-north-korea-brought-by-cia/285873/>
media
<https://www.mintpressnews.com/documents-reveal-us-ned-spent-22m-promoting-anti-russia-narrative-ukraine/279734/>
around
<https://www.mintpressnews.com/hong-kong-protest-united-states-destabilize-china/261712/>the
world.

The Department of Defense, meanwhile, fields a giant clandestine army of at
least 60,000 people whose job is to influence public opinion, the majority
doing so from their keyboards. A 2021 exposé from Newsweek
<https://www.newsweek.com/exclusive-inside-militarys-secret-undercover-army-1591881>
described the operation as, “The largest undercover force the world has
ever known,” and warned that this troll army was likely breaking domestic
and international law.

The Twitter Files further exposed
<https://theintercept.com/2022/12/20/twitter-dod-us-military-accounts/> the
Department of Defense’s shadowy actions. It showed how the DoD worked with
Twitter to carry out a Washington-run influence project across the Middle
East, even as the app claimed it was working to shut down foreign-backed
disinformation operations. And investigations from MintPress News have
revealed how the highest echelons of top social media apps, such as Facebook
<https://www.mintpressnews.com/meet-ex-cia-agents-deciding-facebook-content-policy/281307/>,
Twitter
<https://www.mintpressnews.com/twitter-hiring-alarming-number-spooks-secret-agents/281114/>,
Google
<https://www.mintpressnews.com/national-security-search-engine-google-ranks-cia-agents/281490/>,
TikTok
<https://www.mintpressnews.com/tiktok-chinese-trojan-horse-run-by-state-department-officials/284353/>,
and Reddit
<https://www.mintpressnews.com/jessica-ashooh-reddit-national-security-state-plant/277639/>,
are filled with former officials from the CIA, USAID, and other national
security agencies.

Furthermore, U.S.-based groups with close government links, such as the
Ford Foundation, the Open Society Foundation, and the Bill and Melinda
Gates Foundation, all give huge grants to journalists and foreign media
outlets.
A Shady Organization

Some might ask what the problem with receiving money from USAID is in the
first place. Supporters of the organization say it does a great deal of
good around the world, helping to vaccinate children or providing clean
drinking water. Looking at the organization’s (now defunct) website, one
would assume it is a charitable group promoting progressive values. Indeed,
many on the conservative right appear to have taken this woke veneer at
face value. Explaining his decision to close the organization down, Musk
described <https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1886098373251301427> it as a
“viper’s nest of radical-left Marxists who hate America.”

This, however, could barely be further from the truth. In reality, USAID,
from its inception, has consistently targeted leftist and non-aligned
governments, particularly in Latin America, Africa, and Asia.

In 2021, USAID was a key player behind a failed Color Revolution (a
pro-U.S. insurrection) in Cuba. The institution spent
<https://www.mintpressnews.com/documents-point-to-us-hand-in-cuba-protests/277987/>
millions of dollars funding and training musicians and activists on the
island, organizing them into a revolutionary, anti-communist force. USAID
offered up to $2 million per grant to applicants, noting
<https://www.mintpressnews.com/documents-point-to-us-hand-in-cuba-protests/277987/>
that “Artists and musicians have taken to the streets to protest government
repression, producing anthems such as ‘Patria y Vida,’ which has not only
brought greater global awareness to the plight of the Cuban people but also
served as a rallying cry for change on the island.”

USAID has also created a number of covert apps aimed at regime change. The
most notorious of these was Zunzuneo, often described as Cuba’s Twitter.
The idea was to create a successful messaging and news app to dominate the
Cuban market, then slowly drip-feed the population anti-government
propaganda and direct them to protests and “smart mobs” aimed at triggering
a color-style revolution.

In an effort to hide its ownership of the project, the U.S. government held
<https://www.mintpressnews.com/documents-point-to-us-hand-in-cuba-protests/277987/>
a secret meeting with Twitter founder Jack Dorsey to entice him to invest
in it. It is unclear to what extent, if any, Dorsey helped, as he has
declined to speak on the matter.
[image: USAID protest]USAID employees along with politicians and activists
gather outside the Capitol Building in Washington DC to protest funding
cuts to USAID, February 5th 2025. Photo | AP

In 2014, USAID’s Cuban program was again exposed. This time, the
organization had been running
<https://www.liberationschool.org/exposed-three-usaid-plots-to-destabilize-cuba/>
fake HIV-prevention workshops as a cover to gather intelligence and recruit
a network of agents on the island.

In Venezuela, too, USAID has served as a force for regime change. It
was intimately
involved <https://venezuelanalysis.com/analysis/2600/> in the failed 2002
coup against President Hugo Chavez, funding and training key coup leaders
in the run-up to the insurrection. Since then, it has consistently
attempted to subvert Venezuelan democracy, including by funding
self-declared president Juan Guaidó. It was even at the center of a
disastrous 2019 stunt
<https://www.mintpressnews.com/burning-aid-colombia-venezuela/255489/>
where U.S.-backed figures attempted
<https://fair.org/home/western-media-fall-in-lockstep-for-cheap-trump-rubio-venezuela-aid-pr-stunt/>
to drive trucks full of USAID-sponsored “aid” into the country, only to
light the cargo on fire themselves and blame
<https://www.nytimes.com/video/world/americas/100000006385986/the-us-blamed-maduro-for-burning-aid-to-venezuela-new-video-casts-doubt.html>
the government
<https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/10/world/americas/venezuela-aid-fire-video.html>
.

In an attempt to stamp out the threat of socialism, USAID agents are also
known to have taught torture techniques to right-wing Latin American
dictatorships. In Uruguay, USAID’s Dan Mitrione taught
<https://archive.org/details/hidden-terrors-the-truth-about> police how to
use electricity on different sensitive areas of the body, the use of drugs
to induce vomiting and advanced psychological torture techniques. Mitrione
wished to demonstrate on live subjects, so he would kidnap beggars from the
streets and torture them to death.

The notorious Guatemalan police, complicit in the country’s genocide of the
Mayan population, also relied heavily on USAID for training. By 1970, at
least 30,000 police officers had undergone
<https://web.archive.org/web/20210120110125/https://www.pando.com/2014/04/08/the-murderous-history-of-usaid-the-us-government-agency-behind-cubas-fake-twitter-clone/>
counterinsurgency training, organized and paid for by USAID.

USAID was even more heavily implicated in genocide in Peru in the 1990s.
Between 1996 and 2000, Peruvian dictator Alberto Fujimori ordered the
forced mass sterilization of 300,000 mostly indigenous women. USAID donated
<https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/mar/14/peru-women-forced-sterilisation-justice>
some $35 million
<https://web.archive.org/web/20210120110125/https://www.pando.com/2014/04/08/the-murderous-history-of-usaid-the-us-government-agency-behind-cubas-fake-twitter-clone/>
to the program, now widely understood
<https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/gsp/vol14/iss2/8/> to constitute a genocide
<https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/26330024231210306?icid=int.sj-full-text.similar-articles.1>.
No American official has faced any legal repercussions.

USAID’s beginnings can be traced back to 1961, an era when national
liberation movements in Latin America, Africa, and Asia were fighting – and
winning – independence. Progressive revolutions, such as in Cuba, were
inspiring the world, and Communist states like the USSR were developing
rapidly, challenging the dominance of the United States.

USAID was established as a counterweight to all this, an attempt to shore
up conservative, pro-U.S. governments and undermine or redirect more
radical ones. Since its inception, it has worked hand-in-glove with the
Central Intelligence Agency.

In 1973, Senator Ted Kennedy wrote a letter to the CIA, directly asking if
they were using USAID to carry out operations in Southeast Asia. Secretary
of State Henry Kissinger himself responded in the affirmative. For that
reason, former CIA officer John Kiriakou labeled
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V8vhKorSzvw> USAID as little more than a
“propaganda adjunct of the agency.”

Surprisingly, The New York Times published a similar assessment. In 1978,
its correspondent, A. J. Langguth, wrote
<https://web.archive.org/web/20210120110125/https://www.pando.com/2014/04/08/the-murderous-history-of-usaid-the-us-government-agency-behind-cubas-fake-twitter-clone/>
that the “two primary functions” of the USAID global police training
program were to allow the CIA to “plant men with local police in sensitive
places around the world” and to bring to the United States “prime
candidates for enrollment as CIA employees.

Today, the institution presents itself as trying to empower civil society
to take the lead in promoting democracy. But, as WikiLeaks founder Julian
Assange wrote <https://orbooks.com/catalog/when-google-met-wikileaks/>, the
past fifty years have authentic civil society actors, such as churches and
unions, hollowed out, leaving only astroturfed think tanks and NGOs, “whose
purpose, beneath all the verbiage, is to execute political agendas by
proxy.”

In the panic surrounding its closure, many USAID figures have let the cat
out of the bag and made this point directly themselves. “It’s not a
generosity project,” one employee told
<https://www.foxnews.com/politics/usaid-staffers-stunned-angered-trump-admins-doge-shutdown-40b-agency>
Fox News, adding, “This is a national security agency and effort at its
core.”
Our Unfree Media

Ultimately, what this story reveals is that our media is not free; it is
dominated by powerful interests. The most powerful of these is the U.S.
government. To Washington, controlling public discourse is as important as
controlling the seas or the skies. That is why they invest billions of
dollars into doing so.

It also explains the reaction whenever actors challenge the U.S.-dominated
media ecosystem. In the 2000s, the U.S. military deliberately
<https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2003/04/jaz-a09.html> bombed
<https://carnegieendowment.org/sada/2024/01/blinkens-request-to-censor-al-jazeera-against-all-american-values?lang=en>
Al-Jazeera buildings after the network challenged Washington’s narrative
around the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars. After RT began gaining a foothold in
the 2010s, the network was demonized and canceled. TikTok is on the verge
of being banned in the U.S., and independent media is constantly
shadowbanned, demonetized, defamed and deplatformed.

We like to think we are free thinkers. Yet the revelation that USAID funds
a vast network of journalists around the world, shaping narratives
favorable to U.S. interests, should highlight the fact that we are swimming
in an ocean of propaganda – and most of us do not even realize it. The U.S.
is spending billions to promote its interests and demonize China, Russia,
Cuba, Venezuela and its other enemies, all in an attempt to curate our
realities.

While USAID as an organization looks to be formally gone and subsumed by
the State Department, Secretary of State Rubio said
<https://edition.cnn.com/2025/02/03/politics/usaid-washington-workers/index.html>
that many of its functions will continue as long as they are aligned with
“the national interest” rather than “charity.” As such, it likely will not
be long until the money spigot is turned back on for these pro-U.S.
outlets. However, at least USAID’s demise has done at least one good thing;
it has exposed vast swathes of global media for what they are: imperial
propaganda projects of the United States.

Feature photo | Signs and flowers are left by advocates of the United
States Agency for International Development (USAID) outside their
headquarters in Washington DC, February 8th, 2025. Aaron Schwartz | AP

*Alan MacLeod <https://twitter.com/AlanRMacLeod> is Senior Staff Writer
for MintPress News. After completing his PhD in 2017 he published two
books: Bad News From Venezuela: Twenty Years of Fake News and Misreporting
<https://www.routledge.com/Bad-News-from-Venezuela-Twenty-years-of-fake-news-and-misreporting/Macleod/p/book/9781138489233>
and Propaganda
in the Information Age: Still Manufacturing Consent
<https://www.routledge.com/Propaganda-in-the-Information-Age-Still-Manufacturing-Consent-1st-Edition/MacLeod/p/book/9781138366404?fbclid=IwAR2xQQWJd98C25wapG4ynmlEnGvL5wxG_mp5RwpBwtwPDxInjNZ1Oo7KD-E>,
as
well as a
<https://journalcontent.mediatheoryjournal.org/index.php/mt/article/view/65/56>
number
<https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0306396818823639#articleShareContainer>
of
<https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/blar.12940> academic
<https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomm.2018.00064/full> articles
<https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0896920518820934>. He has
also contributed to FAIR.org <https://fair.org/author/alan-macleod/>, The
Guardian <https://www.theguardian.com/profile/alan-macleod>, Salon
<https://www.salon.com/writer/alan-macleod>, The Grayzone
<https://thegrayzone.com/author/alan-macleod/>, Jacobin Magazine
<https://jacobinmag.com/author/alan-macleod>, and Common Dreams
<https://www.commondreams.org/author/alan-macleod>.*

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