[News] Israeli Strip Searches
Anti-Imperialist News
news at freedomarchives.org
Tue Jul 29 12:31:23 EDT 2008
http://www.counterpunch.org/weir07292008.html
July 29, 2008
Letting AP in on the Secret
Israeli Strip Searches
By ALISON WEIR
On June 26th a young Palestinian photojournalist
named Mohammed Omer was returning home from a triumphant European tour.
In London he had been awarded the 2008 Martha
Gellhorn Prize for journalism the youngest
recipient ever and one of the few non-Britons
ever to receive the prestigious prize.
In Greece he had been given the 2008 journalism
award for courage by the Union of Greek
Journalists and had been invited to speak before the Greek parliament.
In Britain, the Netherlands, Greece, and Sweden
he had met with Parliament Members and been
interviewed on major radio and TV stations.
In the US several years before, he had been named
the first recipient of the New America Medias Best Youth Voice award.
In an Israeli border facility he was violently
strip-searched at gunpoint, forced to do a
grotesque sort of dance while completely naked,
assaulted, taunted about his awards and his
ethnicity, and finally, when Israeli officials
feared he might have been fatally injured, taken
by ambulance to a Palestinian hospital; if he
died, it would not be while in Israeli custody.
As readers may have already guessed, Israel was
not part of Omers speaking tour.
AP, in its over 60 reports from the region in the
following week never mentioned any of this.
The reason Omer was even in Israel (actually,
an immigration terminal controlled by Israel on
occupied Palestinian land in the West Bank) is a
simple one: He was simply trying to go from
Jordan to his home in the Gaza Strip. Gaza is
basically a large concentration camp to which
Israel holds the keys. It is extremely difficult
for Palestinians to get out. It is just as difficult to get back in.
Despite Omer's journalism credentials (Gaza
correspondent for the Washington Report on Middle
East Affairs and IPS, stringer for AFP,
occasionally appears on BBC, etc.) and despite
being invited to receive an international award,
Omer was only able to exit Gaza through the
considerable efforts of Dutch diplomats.
When the 24-year-old journalist tried to return
to Gaza, it again required intercession by the
Dutch Embassy. After being forced by Israel to
wait in Jordan for five days (and therefore
missing his brothers wedding), Omer finally
received word that he would be allowed to go home.
However, when he arrived at the Israeli
immigration terminal, an Israel official told him
that there was no entry permit for him in the
computer and he was told to wait. Three hours
later an official came out and took Omers cell
phone away from him. While Omers Dutch Embassy
escort waited outside, unaware of what was going on, Omer's ordeal began.
He then asked me to leave my belongings and
follow him. I recognized we were entering the
Shin Bet [Israeli internal security service]
offices at Allenby. Upon entering, he motioned
for me to sit in a chair within a closed corridor
After what seemed to be one hour and thirty
minutes, both doors at the end of the corridor
opened. I watched as one of the Palestinian
passengers exited securing his belt to his
trousers. A second man followed behind and was
struggling to put on his T-shirt. Immediately I
realized I was not in a good place. The rooms
from which they exited must be used for strip searching
A uniformed intelligence officer and two others
began rifling through all of Omers possessions.
They were looking for something specific but I
wouldnt know what until green eyes demanded, 'Where is the money, Mohammed?'
What money I thought. Of course I had money on
me. I was traveling
For a moment I was relieved,
thinking this was just a typical shakedown. I'd
lose the cash with me, but that would be about it...
However, my traveling money failed to suffice.
Dissatisfied, he pressed, 'Where is the money from the prize?'
I realized he was after the award stipend for
the Martha Gellhorn Prize from the UK and I told
him I did not have it with me. Id arranged for a
bank transfer rather than carry it with me.
Visibly irritated the intelligence agent continued to press for money.
The room filled with more intelligence officers,
bringing the total Israeli personnel, most well
armed, in the room to eight: eight Israelis and me
Dissatisfied that larger sums of money failed to
materialize, green eyes accused me of lying. I
again repeated the prize money went to bank draft
and I already had shown him all the cash I had on
me. Avi interjected, ordering me to empty my
pockets, which I already had. Seeing they had
tapped out, he escorted me into another room, this one empty.
'OK take off your clothes' Avi the intelligence officer ordered.
I asked why. A simple pat-down would have
disclosed any money belts or weapons; besides, I
had already gone through an x-ray machine before
entering the passport holding area.
He repeated the order.
Removing all but my underwear, I stood before
Avi. In an increasingly belligerent tone he ordered, 'take off everything'.
'I am not taking off my underwear,' I stated.
Again he ordered me to remove my underwear.
At this point I informed him that an escort from
the Dutch embassy was currently waiting for me on
the other side of the interrogation center and
that I was under diplomatic transit.
He replied he knew that, thus indicating he
didn't care, and again insisted I strip. Again I
refused. There was no reason for me to do so.
Omer asked: 'Why are you treating me this way? I am human being.'
"For a moment I flashed on the scene in the Oscar
winning film, The Pianist where the Jewish man,
being humiliated by a Nazi quoted Shakespeare,
invoking his faith in place of written words,
Doth a Jew not have eyes? the old man queried,
attempting to appeal to the humanity buried
somewhere in the soul of his oppressor. Finding
myself confronting the same racism and disdain I
wanted to ask Avi, Doth a Palestinian not have eyes?
Would his indoctrination inoculate him from
empathy as well? Likely, I reasoned, it would.
Avi smirked, half chuckling as he informed me,
'This is nothing compared to what you will see now.'
With that the intelligence officer unholstered
his weapon, pressing it to my head and with his
full body weight pinning me on my side, he
forcibly removed my underwear. Completely naked,
I stood before him as he proceeded to feel me up one side and down the other
Avi then proceeded to demand I do a concocted
sort of dance, ordering me to move to the right
and the side. When I refused, he forced me under
his own power to move side to side
After awhile Omer was allowed to put his clothes
back on, but the interrogation continued. His
eight, mostly armed interrogators taunted him
over his awards, his appearance on BBC, and the
misery he was returning to in what they termed
dirty Gaza. Finally, after hours in Israeli
custody and a total of 12 hours without food or water, Omer collapsed.
.without warning I began to vomit all over the
room. At the same time I felt my legs buckled
from the strain of standing and I passed out
I
awoke on the floor to someone screaming, repeating my name over and over
As he screamed in my ears I felt his fingernails
puncturing my skin, gouging, scraping and clawing
at the tender flesh beneath my eyes. This was the
intelligence officer's method for gauging my
level of consciousness. No smelling salts as is
the civilized manner for reviving a person.
Clawing at my eyes and tearing the skin on my
face proved his manner of rendering aid.
Realizing I was again conscious, though barely,
the Israeli broadened his assault, scooping my
head and digging his nails in near the auditory
nerves between my head and ear drum. Rather then
render first aid, which is the protocol and
international law in instances whether prisoners
of war or civilians, the soldier broadened his
assault. The pain became sharper as he dug his
nails, two fingers at a time into my neck,
grazing my carotid artery and again challenging
my consciousness before pummeling my chest with his full weight and strength.
I estimate I lay on the floor approximately one
hour and twenty minutes and I continued to vomit
for what seemed like a half hour. Severely
dehydrated, focusing took flight and the room
became a menagerie of pain, sound and terror. The
stench further exasperated and seemed to inflame my captors further
All around me I heard Israeli voices and then
one placed his combat boot on my neck pressing
into the hard floor. I remember choking, feeling
the outline of his shoe and in my increasing
delirium thought for a moment perhaps someone was
rendering aid. Reality destroyed that hope.
Around me, like men watching a sporting match I
heard laughing and goading, a gang rape of verbal
and physical violence meted by men entrenched in
hatred and rage... I again lost consciousness and
awoke to find myself being dragged by my feet on
my back through my vomit on the floor, my head
bouncing on the pavement and body sweeping to-and-fro like a mop
Eventually, Omer was transferred to a Palestinian
hospital, but only after Israeli officials tried
to force him to sign a paper absolving them from responsibility.
In other words, if I died or was permanently
disabled as a result of Israels actions, Israel
could not be held accountable. One would think I
was in a third world dictatorship rather than the
only democracy in the Middle East. One would think.
Where is AP?
One would also think that such treatment of a
journalist by Americas special ally would be news.
Since journalists tend to be particularly
concerned when fellow journalists are victimized,
it would be expected that Omers abuse would
receive considerable press attention especially
since he had just received international
recognition from the journalism community. One
can only imagine the multitude of headlines that
would result if an Israeli journalist, perhaps
even one who had not just been feted
internationally, had been similarly treated by the Palestinian Authority.
Oddly, however, despite the fact that Reuters,
BBC, the UK Guardian, Israels Haaretz
newspaper, and others issued news reports, the
Associated Press, which serves virtually every
daily newspaper in the U.S., sent out nothing on it.
Astounded, I finally phoned AP headquarters in
New York to find out how they had missed it.
I asked for the international desk, told them I
had a news tip, and briefly described the
incident. I was told, Oh yes, we know about it.
I asked them when they were going to report it
and was told: The Jerusalem bureau is looking
into it. The Jerusalem bureau is located in
Israel; many of its editors and their
wives/husbands/children have Israeli citizenship.
It is not the most unbiased of bureaus. Yet, it
is the control bureau for the region the filter
through which virtually all AP reports, photos,
video footage from Palestine and Israel must pass.
A day or two later there was still no story. I
phoned the international desk in New York again
and was told that the Jerusalem bureau had
decided not to cover the incident. There was no explanation.
I tried phoning higher-ups, including CEO Tom
Curley, who goes about the country lecturing
about the publics right to know and Kathleen
Carroll, Executive Editor, to learn on what basis
AP had determined this incident was not
newsworthy. Neither returned my call. I kept
trying, hoping to find somewhere in the AP
hierarchy at least a semblance of a journalist
committed to APs alleged mission of reporting
the news accurately and honestly.
Finally, I found one. I reached the managing
editor in charge of international reporting, and
asked him why AP was refusing to cover the case
of a prize-winning journalist being
strip-searched at gunpoint and physically abused
by Israeli officials when he returned to Gaza
from receiving the Martha Gellhorn award in London.
The editor admitted that he hadnt heard of the
incident and was interested in the details. I
told him what I knew, referred him to the UK
Guardian article and others, and he said hed look into it.
As a result, two weeks after Omers ordeal, and
after Israel had solidified its denial narrative, AP finally sent out a report.
The belated story, datelined Jerusalem and
carrying a byline by Karin Laub, left a great deal to be desired.
It depicted the incident as a he said/she said
dispute, in which it termed Omers statements as
claims, while never using this verb for Israeli
statements. In every case Israeli statements are
placed in the rebuttal position.
The lengthy article places Omers strongest
descriptions in the second half of the story,
where they would typically be cut by the
averaged-sized print newspaper, and leaves out a
great deal of important information.
For example, while AP reports that Omer was
discharged from one hospital, it neglects to
report that Omer was admitted to a second one
where he was hospitalized for four or five days.
It does not name the Martha Gellhorn Prize for
Journalism, neglects any mention of other awards,
and omits entirely Omers meetings with
Parliament Members in multiple countries. It
fails to report the statement by the former ambassador from The Netherlands:
"This is by no means an isolated incident, but
part of a long-term strategy to demolish
Palestinian social, economic and cultural life
... I am aware of the possibility that Mohammed
Omer might be murdered by Israeli snipers or bomb attack in the near future.
The international organization Reporters Without
Borders reported issued a condemnation of the
attack, stating that in the ten days preceding
Omers incident alone, it had recorded five
incidents of wrongful arrest of journalists by
Israel, and that one journalist was still being
held. None of this was in Laubs article.
All of the missing material, of course, would
serve to add credibility to Omers statements.
Perhaps this pattern of omission was a coincidence.
Early in the story, while admitting that
Palestinians complain about rough treatment at
the border (a considerable understatement), Laub
seems to go out of her way to discredit Omers
description of being forcibly strip-searched, by
writing: However, Omer's allegation of being
forced to strip naked appeared unusual."
The Strip-Searching Secret
This is a bizarre statement.
As Dion Nissenbaum, Jerusalem bureau chief for
McClatchy Newspapers, wrote last year, While
Israeli security won't admit it, it is a widely
accepted secret that Palestinians and Arabs
are
routinely subjected to intense, hours-long
questioning that can include strip searches.
Is it possible that AP is not in on this secret?
The reality is that frequent, random humiliation
by Israeli soldiers and officials is part of the
Palestinian experience. Numerous degrading strip
searches some of them particularly grotesque
have been forced on Palestinian men, women, and
children of all ages for decades.
In addition, Israeli officials periodically strip
search others whenever, it appears, they wish, including:
* The British Consul General (Israeli media
reported that her search was prolonged, needless
and humiliating and that she was visibly upset);
* An American holocaust survivor (she was treated to a cavity search);
* Sixteen Christian evangelicals rounded up at gunpoint;
* Journalists from around the world (an
Argentinian journalist wrote:
they made me go
to another office and strip naked. An official
came in stands next to me, while Im naked, with
a machine gun in his hand
A Swiss reporter was
forced to remove her pants in public and stand in
her underwear, hands raised, in front of an x-ray machine);
* A wheel-chair bound New Jersey woman with
cerebral palsy whose sanitary pad was confiscated, humiliating her publicly;
* An American doctoral student, who was also
subjected to a cavity search
and the list goes on and on.
Yet, somehow, AP missed all of these. In fact,
amazingly, a LexisNexis search of Associated
Press stories over the past 10 years, using the
search terms Israel and strip search, turns
up only one result a few stories on a hunger
strike by Palestinian prisoners protesting
against, among other things, their daily strip searches by Israeli guards.
Since we think its unfair for AP to be excluded
from what others in the region know, we compiled
a very partial list of reports about Israeli
strip-searches, with excerpts from each, and
emailed AP the 25-page document. We asked for a
correction and received the following response:
"This acknowledges receipt of your e-mail. We
have no further comment at this time." Our
request for an interview was "respectfully declined."
Following are just a few of the stories on this
topic that AP never reported to the thousands of
newspapers, radio and television stations that
rely on it for their foreign news. The entire
document is available on the
<http://www.ifamericansknew.org/cur_sit/strip-searches.html>If
Americans Knew website.
* In 2007 the Palestinian Minister of
Women's Affairs issued a statement protesting the
policy of Israeli soldiers taking Palestinian
women to separate rooms in the checkpoint and
being forced to remove all clothes, to become
fully naked." The minister demanded that the UN
and the international community provide security for Palestinian women.
* Even the New York Times (which justified
it) reported about the Allenby border in 1987:
Before any visitor gets in, however, he must go
through a stringent security check at the Israeli
terminal. Besides being examined by metal
detectors, each visitor must undergo a private strip search
* A University of Utah law student describes
a PhD student conducting research in the region
who was detained at the border crossing for six
hours, Then a female guard conducted a
strip/cavity search while two male guards observed.
* A British researcher reports: While men
have also reported forms of sexual torture in
jail, women prisoners are particularly vulnerable
to this as a form of humiliation by their
captors. Women are forced to strip naked in front
of guards, many of whom are male, and subjected
to brutal body searches. Many women prisoners
have detailed sexual assault by Israeli military
and prison staff. On some occasions women are
detained as a way of threatening or putting
pressure on a male member of the family.
* A woman trying to reach a hospital
reports:
the labour pains grew stronger. I saw
a lot of soldiers in front of me. I called out at
them using the word baby which I think some
understood. They started to talk to me in Hebrew
as they pointed the guns towards me. They used
signs and gestures. I understood that they wanted
me to show them how pregnant I was which I did.
One soldier asked me to take off my robe, which I
did. But it was not sufficient and he asked me to
remove the T-shirt and the trousers. I had no
choice and I was ready to go as far as that in
order to get to the hospital before it was late.
He asked me to take off my underwear which I did.
After this humiliation, they fetched a stretcher
from one of the tanks. I was naked. I was carried
to a tank and was given intravenous glucose into
my arm. A few minutes later, they brought my
father-in-law inside the tank. They drove for
almost half an hour. I was thinking they were
taking me to a nearby hospital but it turns out
they were taking us back to the Huwwara
checkpoint. We were taken out of the tank and
were laid nude on the stretchers for almost one hour
* Reuters reported: Three Israeli soldiers
forced a Palestinian man to strip naked at
gunpoint and walk like a dog in a West Bank city
under curfew
A Reuters photographer snapped
Yasser Sharaf, 25, standing naked in a cold,
muddy street in Nablus on Sunday as two men were
handing him clothes to put on and two Israeli
armoured vehicles were pulling away from the scene.
* Reporters who entered Nablus after the
Israeli invasion of 2002 quoted from an interview
with one of the inhabitants: The men were then
driven to a nearby yard, ordered to strip naked,
and made to lie face down in the dirt. While my
neighbor Jamal Sabar was taking off his pants, they shot him dead
* A soldier inside the jeep ordered me to
raise my hands and get out of the car and said,
take off your shirt. I did; then he said, and
the pants. I did; then he said, the undershirt
and underwear. I begged him not to force me; and
he said, Ill shoot you. And all the soldiers
pointed their guns at me. I took off my
underclothes and stood naked in front of
everybody. He ordered, proceed with your hands
up. I came up to him and he gave me a
transparent plastic bag to cover myself. He
blindfolded me and made me sit 20 meters away.
Then the soldier shouted at a passenger called
Islam 'Abed al-Sheikh Ibrahim, 18, who was
sitting in the front seat, and ordered him to get
out of the car. He told the soldier that his leg
was broken, but the soldier insisted. He Islam
got out and stood on his crutches. The soldier
ordered him to take off his clothes. He tried by
failed. The soldier came to me and removed the
binding off my eyes and told me at gunpoint to go
and help him take off his clothes. I went and
helped the passenger take off all his clothes.
The soldier told me to help him walk to the
soldier. We walked up and he gave me another
nylon bag for Islam. Then, he told us to sit on
the ground. Soon after, the soldier ordered
another passenger, Yasser Rasheed al-Sheikh
Ibrahim,60, to get out of the car and take off his clothes like us
* The Guardian described an incident in
which a commander was awaiting a court martial
on several charges, including ordering the boy to
strip naked, holding a burning paper under his
testicles, threatening to ram a bottle into his
anus and threatening to shoot him
* We were mostly older people, sick and
wounded. We had nine handicapped people with us,
three were from the same family, sons of Abu
Ibrahim. Some of us were too old, they were
senile. When they told them go left they would
go right, but they stripped them naked anyway. I
tried to help them as much as I could. I was the
only one who spoke Hebrew
Close to us was a group
of young men. They were handcuffed, naked and
lying on their stomachs. The Israeli tanks would
pass by them so fast, only forty centimeters away from their heads."
* Other residents described how young men
were stripped naked and then shot. Yusuf Shalabi,
a young man from the camp explained how the
Israeli soldiers denied medical treatment to the
wounded,
I remember this nightmare very well.
It is very difficult to talk about it. I remember
them stripping the people naked, they would
handcuff them and blindfold them. I remember
seeing two wounded men, one was wounded in the
shoulder and the other in the leg. They were
screaming in pain and the soldiers would not allow them to be treated.
Incredibly, AP seems to have missed all of these,
and more. As a result, Americans have little idea
of the life is like for Paleestinians in the West Bank and Gaza.
Moreover, strip searches are just the tip of the
iceberg. According to an Israeli government
report released in 2000 (five years after it had
been written) Shin Bet used systematic torture
against Palestinians and regularly lied about
it. An Israeli human rights organization
estimated that 85 percent of Palestinian
detainees had been subjected to torture. In
2002 Foreign Service Journal carried a major
expose on Israel torturing American citizens. AP
missed this Foreign Service Journal expose as
did, therefore, every newspaper in the country.
APs Ownership
AP is a cooperative. That means that every single
newspaper, radio station, and television station
that uses AP news stories is an owner of AP. This
includes Democracy Now, which apart from a report
on Mohammed Omer also seems to have covered this subject minimally, if at all.
It is time for all these news media, and for
their readers, listeners, and viewers, to demand
that AP provide the full story.
Americans have long given Israel, the size of New
Jersey, far more of our tax money than to any
other nation on earth. It is time to end the
cover up. Americans need to know how Israel is using our money.
Alison Weir is executive director of
<http://ifamericansknew.org/>If Americans Knew
(which found in a statistical
<http://ifamericansknew.org/media/ap-report.html>study
that in 2004 AP had covered Israeli childrens
deaths at rates 7 times greater than they had
reported Palestinian deaths). The full document
listing Israeli strip searches can be viewed at
<http://www.ifamericansknew.org/cur_sit/strip-searches.html>http://www.ifamericansknew.org/cur_sit/strip-searches.html.
<http://www.ifamericansknew.org/about_us/dvd.html>DVDs
containing a short
<http://www.ifamericansknew.org/about_us/easiesttargets.html>video
about Israeli strip searching of women and
children are available for readers wishing to
educate their local media and community on the
information that AP is choosing not to report.
The Washington Report has created a
<http://mediausa.net/wrmea/petition/>petition on
the incident for people to sign.
Omers complete statement can be read at:
British consul strip searched at Israeli PM's
office, Rory, The Guardian, March 28, 2007
Humiliation and Child Abuse at Israeli
Checkpoints: Strip-Searching Children, Alison
Weir, CounterPunch, March 15, 2007; Video
interview: The Easiest Targets:
<http://www.ifamericansknew.org/about_us/easiesttargets.html>http://www.ifamericansknew.org/about_us/easiesttargets.html
Israelis arrest 16 from US in roundup of
Christians, Charles M. Sennott, The Boston Globe, October 26, 1999, Pg. A2
<http://peoplesgeography.com/2006/09/01/israeli-security-forces-kidnap-argentine-journalist/>http://peoplesgeography.com/
http://www.fpa.org.il/?categoryId=422
Humiliation and Child Abuse at Israeli
Checkpoints: Strip-Searching Children, Alison
Weir, CounterPunch, March 15, 2007; Video
interview: The Easiest Targets:
<http://www.ifamericansknew.org/about_us/easiesttargets.html>http://www.ifamericansknew.org/about_us/easiesttargets.html
http://www.law.utah.edu/blogs/show-entry.asp?EntryID=252
<http://www.maannews.net/en/index.php?opr=ShowDetails&ID=23480>http://www.maannews.net/en/index.php?opr=ShowDetails&ID=23480
ALLENBY BRIDGE JOURNAL; A 15-Yard Span Over a
Great Divide, Thomas L. Friedman, New York Times, July 18, 1987
<http://www.law.utah.edu/blogs/show-entry.asp?EntryID=252>http://www.law.utah.edu/blogs/show-entry.asp?EntryID=252
Israels Palestinian Prisoners: The Forgotten
Facts, Isabelle Humphries, Researcher Nazareth
<http://www.islamonline.net/english/Muslim_Affairs/Asia/PoliticsEconomy/2006/07/01.shtml>http://www.islamonline.net/
Israels Implementation of the UN Convention on
the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination
Against Women (CEDAW) in the Occupied Palestinian
Territories (OPT), May, 2005, Al-Haq: Law in the
Service of Man, the Palestinian Centre for Human
rights (PCHR), and the Womens Centre for Legal Aid and Counselling (WCLAC)
<http://www.pchrgaza.org/special/OPT%20CEDAW%20Main%20Review.pdf>http://www.pchrgaza.org/special/OPT%20CEDAW%20Main%20Review.pdf
Israelis Make Palestinian Strip Naked, Reuters, Nov. 25, 2002
Jenin: Lying Down On Broken Glass, Crushing
Bones, April 16, 2002 (IslamOnline & News
Agencies)
<http://www.islamonline.net/english/News/2002-04/16/article40.shtml>http://www.islamonline.net/english/News/2002-04/16/article40.shtml
Weekly Report on Israeli Human Rights Violations
in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, 01 -
07 September 2005,
<http://www.pchrgaza.org/files/W_report/English/2005/08-09-2005.htm>http://www.pchrgaza.org/files/W_report/English/2005/08-09-2005.htm
Commander charged with torturing Palestinian
boy, Chris McGreal, The Guardian, October 22, 2002
Stripping Palestinians has Become Common
Practice: Eyewitness Accounts, Suzanne Russ,
Palestine Chronicle, November 26, 2002,
<http://www.ifamericansknew.org/cur_sit/strippingcommon.html>http://www.ifamericansknew.org/cur_sit/strippingcommon.html
Stripping Palestinians has Become Common
Practice: Eyewitness Accounts, By Suzanne Russ,
Palestine Chronicle, November 26, 2002,
<http://www.ifamericansknew.org/cur_sit/strippingcommon.html>http://www.ifamericansknew.org/cur_sit/strippingcommon.html
Report: Palestinian suspects mistreated by
Israeli captors, Joel Greenberg, Chicago Tribune, May 6, 2007
Arab-Americans in Israel: What Special
Relationship? Jerri Bird, Foreign Service Journal, June, 2002
Freedom Archives
522 Valencia Street
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415 863-9977
www.Freedomarchives.org
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